Data Science and Predictive Analytics †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the Data Science and Predictive Analytics. Answer: Presentation Organizations are framed for various purposes which remember the arrangement of specific items for trade for incomes. Firms, along these lines, need to set up the essential system that will guarantee that the results of the organization can arrive at the objective market. Flexibly chain and coordinations the board allude to a framework built up in the association to guarantee that the organization can gracefully the items and administrations to its clients (Barney, 2012, p.4). The gracefully chain the board includes sourcing for the crude material, preparing, transportation, warehousing, bundling and dealing with and arrange plan which much of the time helps in dissemination of the items to the objective clients. This report is composed to delineate the incorporated flexibly chain and coordinations the executives in associations, and Sphinx Australia Company will be utilized. Sphinx Australia is an organization situated in Australia and in the dress business. The firm was shaped in 1984 to configuration, make and disseminate garments to a wide scope of clients which include men, ladies and kids. The organization spends significant time in denim, shirts, barrier attire, pullovers and crisis garments (Sphinx, 2013). The organization can fabricate garments locally and even in abroad on the grounds that it can offer the required quality garments. The organization's processing plants are outfitted with the cutting edge machines that help the firm to fabricate and bundle the items so as to fulfill the ever-changing needs of the objective market. The organization hotspots for the quality crude materials or even materials that will prompt the creation of value items that fulfill the preferences and inclinations of the clients. Gracefully chain and coordinations in the association. Gracefully chain and coordinations the board in associations is partitioned into a few divisions which are going by specialists or administrators with the required capabilities. The regions incorporate; Sphinx Australia buys crude materials from different providers in the nation. The organization picks the necessary provider who will flexibly the correct quality materials as indicated by the details of the clients. The choice of the provider likewise relies upon the unwavering quality of the provider, the assets of the provider and even the expenses related with the provider (Georghiou et al.2014, p.7). On the off chance that the organization will produce the required garments, the organization picks an alternate provider who is unique in relation to one required if the organization was to buy instant garments. Subsequent to sourcing the required material from the correct provider, the materials are taken to the industrial facilities for handling. The production line chief ought to guarantee that the organization fabricates the ideal nature of garments that will fulfill the necessities of the clients and position the brand of the organization in a place that will empower it to contend adequately with the contenders (Acin et al.2012, p.1349). The organization guarantees that the hardware in the manufacturing plant are working productively to limit wastage of crude materials. This will help in limiting creation costs. The organization likewise guarantees the industrial facilities produce the required amount of items to maintain a strategic distance from the deficiency of items which drives misfortunes and loss of generosity and notoriety of the organization. The bundling of the items is done after they have been produced by the processing plants. The bundling and treatment of the items is done physically in light of the fact that the organization has the necessary labor to play out the assignments successfully. The garments are gathered in marked packs that empower the clients to recognize the items from those of contenders (Wikstrm et al.2014, p.105). Items being sent out abroad are bundled diversely on the grounds that they need additional consideration when taking care of them with the goal that they can arrive at the necessary goal in great condition. Treatment of the items when stacking them into vehicles is additionally done physically with the assistance of machines that make the procedure simple. Warehousing includes putting away the garments in stores fully expecting future interest. The garments in the wake of being stuffed are taken to the distribution centers for capacity. The stockrooms are situated in various urban communities and towns in Australia to make dispersion a lot simpler. Warehousing causes the organization not to bring about misfortunes that are related with coming up short on stock (Garca et al.2014, p.65). In the distribution center, stock taking is done before the items are put away. This assists with limiting burglary of the items and furthermore to follow moderate moving items. The stockrooms have enough security as they are vigorously watched by private security offices. The organization encourages development of the crude material from the providers to the production lines. A few providers who offer after deal administrations help the organization from such vehicle costs (Ji et al.2014, p.216). Development of the completed items from the production lines to the distribution centers is finished by the organization trucks. The organization additionally guarantees that the items move from the distribution centers to the retail locations where the clients can get to the items without any problem. The organization enlists trucks to ship its items to the neighboring nations in light of the fact that re-appropriating such administrations is less expensive. The organization additionally offers after deal benefits by shipping the clients items to their discount or retail locations. If there should be an occurrence of modified dress that should be shipped abroad and trucks can't be utilized, the organization utilizes planes, yet the expense of transportation is acquired by the clients. System configuration alludes to the working structure of the organization and it aides and aides in the administration of the firm. The system configuration decides how effective the business will be. The system includes acquirement, preparing, and fabricating, warehousing, transportation, showcasing and financing of the firm (Farahani et al.2014, p.99). Sphinx Australia has a few providers who give supplies at whatever point required. The organization chooses the provider who will help give crude material that will prompt the creation of items that fulfill the requirements of the organization. The organization gets material locally and abroad relying upon the requests of the clients. The system likewise has proficient assembling plants that are well prepared to empower the organization produces quality items. Government is additionally part of the system. The organization guarantees that it consents to the instituted government guidelines, for example, installment of duties, restori ng working licenses and condition protection arrangements The system structure of the organization additionally has a few stockrooms that empower the organization to store the fabricated items. This empowers the organization to stock enough stock that will empower them to withstand hard creation times because of a few factors, for example, swelling (Colledani et al.2014, p.786). The system additionally has transport implies that empower it to disseminate items from the assembling plants to the distribution centers and from stockrooms to the retail locations which are found everywhere throughout the nation. The system configuration likewise has promoting segment that empowers the organization's items to be known by clients and potential clients (Jacobs et al.2014, p.534). The showcasing includes media publicizing, print media publicizing, advancements and advertising. These exercises empower the organization to create high incomes. The fund segment additionally frames the system plan. This empowers the organization to productively deal with the assets of the organization and furthermore recognizing wellsprings of fund. The fund area is the heartbeat of the system as all the segments need to liaise with it. For proficient tasks, the segments of the framework should cooperate. The area is likewise answerable for observing the expenses of the organization. Proposals To improve the exhibition and upper hand of the organization, sphinx Australia Company need to begin rehearsing the accompanying proposals in every one of the given zones; Sphinx Australia needs to begin requesting materials utilizing financial request amount (EOQ). This technique will assist the organization with saving on costs that are related with earnest acquirement of materials (Chung and Crdenas-Barrn, 2012, p.2153). The framework will likewise enable the organization to keep away from costs related with visit requesting of crude materials. Such practices will likewise empower the organization to save money on capacity costs that are acquired because of putting away high measures of crude materials in the stockrooms and have opportunity of charging low costs which improves the upper hand. Sphinx Australia ought to likewise rehearse single sourcing strategy for getting crude materials to choose the confided in providers who will convey the normal amount and nature of materials. This will empower the organization to keep up the great picture of the brand. The organization ought to likewise build up a system with the providers, for example, extranet that will empower correspondence and stream of data to be simple (Friedl and Wagner, 2012, p.3079). This will rearrange the way toward putting orders and guarantee in time conveyance of the materials. The organization ought to likewise secure materials from providers with great notoriety and generosity who will assist the organization with maintaining the great picture. The organization should likewise choose providers who practice ecological maintainability to monitor the earth and this will improve the upper hand of the firm Assembling proposals The organization ought to have an incorporated arrangement of activity which will empower the acquirement division to cooperate with different offices. The framework will empower the fund to follow the degree of stock in the stockrooms to decide whether the stock will satisfy the normal need (Shao et al.2012, p.2409). This will empower the acquirement division to arrange material so as to dodge the lack of stock which can prompt misfortunes. The organization ought to support advancement in the handling plants which will guarantee that there is insignificant wastage of the crude materials during the assembling procedure

The History In To Kill A Mockingbird Essays - To Kill A Mockingbird

The History In To Kill A Mockingbird The History in, To Kill a Mockingbird. The book, To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, has a wide range of relations to American history. The book shows genuine instances of prejudice, working life, church, and numerous different things. The book happens at some point in the 1930's. It's around two youngsters named Jem and Scout. They are innovative children continually making up new games and different things to breathe easy. In the start of the book they are fixated on one of their neighbors, Boo Radley. They feel that Boo is an insane man that slaughtered his folks. Jem, Scout, and their cousin, Dill, choose to go up and check whether they can perceive what is happening inside the Radley house. When they get up to the house they hear a clamor and run off, however Jem loses his jeans of a fence wire. The whole initial segment of the book is about the children attempting to discover about the Radley's. The second piece of the book is about Atticus (Scout and Jem's dad) guarding a dark man named Tom Robinson in court. Tom was blamed for beating and assaulting a multi year old young lady named Mayella. This is the area of the book with the most instances of American history. Everyone in the town of Maycomb looks down on Atticus since he is protecting a dark man in court. All proof for the situation shows Tom Robinson blameless, yet he is as yet charged blameworthy due to the all white jury. The real attacker was Mayella's dad. Toward the finish of the book, Tom is shot so he wouldn't be discovered guiltless. The piece of the book that includes the most American history is the legal dispute where Tom Robinson is seen as blameworthy in light of the fact that he is dark. There have been numerous comparative cases to the Tom Robinson preliminary during this time ever. Most dark men would have an exceptionally remote possibility of being discovered guiltless in light of their race, and the white dominant part. Another genuine case of American history in To Kill a Mockingbird, is the manner in which the houses of worship were run. The white individuals would go to their congregation each Sunday and love a lot of like the individuals do today. The genuine American history is operating at a profit church. Operating at a profit church, not very many of the individuals had the capacity to peruse, so they didn't have any psalm books. One individual would begin singing a psalm and the whole church would stand up and participate, singing and applauding. The individuals operating at a profit church during that time were continually paying special mind to one another. In the book, when Tom Robinson was in prison, the dark church started gathering cash to help bolster his family while he was away. On the off chance that they didn't gather enough cash the first run through the plate was passed around, it would prop up around till the objective was met. These are a portion of the enormous relations between Harper Lee's, To Kill a Mockingbird, and genuine American history. It was a decent book, and precisely kept in touch with real American history. American History

The State of Millennials and Marriage

The State of Millennials and Marriage Relationships Spouses & Partners Print The State of Millennials and Marriage By Marni Feuerman Marni Feuerman is a psychotherapist in private practice who has been helping couples with marital issues for more than 27 years. Learn about our editorial policy Marni Feuerman Updated on June 30, 2019 Hinterhaus Productions / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Long ago, marriage was, for the most part, an economic arrangement. This later evolved into a way for people to express their love and commitment to each other. Marriage may be shifting again as Millennials (those born in the 1980s and 1990s) are either not marrying at all or marrying much later. At this point in time, the median age at first marriage is 27 for women and 29 for men. This is up about 7 years since the 1960s and may be slowly climbing. According to a recent report out of the Urban Institute, an unparalleled number of millennials will remain unmarried through age 40. Furthermore, the marriage rate is predicted to drop to 70 percent. This is around 10 â€" 20% lower than the last three generations.  In fact, a 2014 paper out of the ?Pew Research Center reports this is the biggest drop in the marriage rate in history.    ? Should We Be Worried About This Trend? Marriage offers several benefits: tax-related pluses, reduced likelihood of poverty, economic security, and children do much better when raised in stable two-parent households. There have been numerous studies that demonstrate that men in particular benefit even more in other ways.   Why This Is Happening One of the primary reasons for these trends is that millennials are facing many challenges when it comes to having a firm economic foundation. They often view marriage as a “capstone” rather than “cornerstone” of one’s adult life.  However, research shows that the capstone approach may, ironically, lead to worse preparation for marriage, resulting in less marital satisfaction. A second possible reason is the discouragingly high divorce rate. This is a phenomenon that has likely touched their lives in a profound way. They read about it online, they are products of their own parent’s divorce and they have many friends with divorced parents. Do Millennials Still Want to Get Married? A 2013 Gallup survey revealed that more young singles still aspire to get married than not, despite the declining marriage rate. Authorities of the National Marriage Project at the University of Virginia concur that this assertion is accurate. It seems who gets married and who stays married is changing a lot. But, the desire to marry in and of itself has not changed much. Perhaps this means that the challenge is to eradicate both the real and perceived blocks in our country to achieve that goal. Does Marriage Have an Image Problem? Has marriage as an institution lost its modern appeal? Maybe marriage, as it is traditionally defined, is no longer acceptable? We already have redefined who can marry as it is no longer only between a man and a woman. We may have even further to go to improve what might be viewed as an “image problem” in the eyes of the Millennial generation. Some with strong opinions on the topic believe marriage should be redefined. For instance, there should be alternative options that are also embraced by society. No one has come up with any viable ideas as of yet. What is happening most often is that millennials cohabitate and may even cohabitate with multiple partners (serial cohabitating). There is much evidence that cohabitating does not yield more positive marital outcomes. Some of those who do not live with a partner are often still living with their parents, again due to financial hardship. Reasons Millennials Delay Marriage Millennials might have deeper more personal reasons to delay marriage. There may be a mindset among this age group that you don’t need a partner to be happy. It’s also hard to be in a relationship with a group of people that clearly recognize themselves as being rather self-absorbed.   There are also more choices than ever now. With the use of technology, Millennials can view loads of singles online quite easily. There is a mentality that someone is easily replaceable. This paradox of choice can lead to inertia. Finally, this group is on the slow path to commitment as a whole. They are taking their time to have sex with multiple partners (even a few friends with benefits) or see if they can tolerate living with someone. This isn’t viewed as reckless behavior. It’s a way to “test drive” their partner before committing to “buy.” Millennials may have it right. They may be learning from the mistakes of generations past. There are much more socially acceptable options with respect to relationships today. But, what if the pendulum has swung too far? We likely will not for sure until the post-millennial Generation Z is in their 20s or perhaps even the generation after them.

Enterprise Technologies And The Value Chain - 1017 Words

Enterprise Technologies and the Value Chain The purpose of this paper is to understand enterprise technology and how it is used properly to be able to help manage the value chain of a company. Enterprise technology Enterprise technology, information, and infrastructure refers to the concept of information technology (IT) resources and data that are shared across an enterprise.. IT part is the main focus of Enterprise technology, but there is a much broader spectrum that is rarely thought of.In this paper I will focus on some of the programs used to help manage the value chain (Enterprise Technology). According to Porter and Miller (1985:150), the concept of the value chain divides a company s activities into the technologically and†¦show more content†¦There was no email, Internet, mobile marketing, telecommuting or smartphones. Now communications are instantaneous, huge amounts of information move through email and the Internet and powerful tools are in the hands of owners and employees. Innovations in technology have improved operations at companies of all sizes and helped turn small local businesses into global businesses, helped companies to create greater revenue by minimizing debt, and increase productivity. Because the use of technology has become so common, programmers have recognized this need and have developed software to help companies to implement their plan. The focus of AxiCom within the value chain is to keep a balanced approach. They use the technical strengths of the company to offer basic technology but at the same time creating higher level messaging for top executives. They find their results complete the entire value chain from top to bottom. Companies such as EMC and IBM are clients of AxiCom. (Enterprise Technology) SAP finds themselves the leader in enterprise technology. With their software they are able to help companies of all sizes. They, too, boast being able to meet all levels of the value chain from boardroom to office and warehouse to storefront. SAP’s clients include BMW and Delta Airlines. (Learn how SAP) Support of Value Chain Management The services offered through the SAP software include analytic, business

Essay about The Legalization of Marijuana - 1749 Words

Marijuana is a misunderstood drug. Many assume that the usage of marijuana, or cannabis, is dangerous, but it can be the exact opposite. So why is the legalization of marijuana in the United States such a problem for many people today? Considered to be a gateway drug and the reason for the downfall of our youth nowadays, marijuana has developed a negative reputation. Lester Grinspoon, a professor at Harvard University, states, â€Å"Few drugs in the United States have produced as much affective heat as marijuana, particularly during the last decade. The controversy essentially revolves around the question of how dangerous or safe the drug is. However, many people are persistent users and believe that this drug is no more harmful than†¦show more content†¦From 1937 to 1947, the United States government had spent $220 million on the war against marijuana; and by 1969, the government had spent about $9 billion on the war, a price that is still rising to this day (Nevius). The United States has spent much time and wealth against marijuana, which does not contribute any positive reinforcement to the harsh economy. It is true, of course, that marijuana kills brain cells and tissue. Smoking or consuming marijuana in any way can be very harmful to the brain (Katel). Though there is no convincing scientific evidence that marijuana causes psychological damage or mental illness in either teenagers or adults, marijuana users will experience loss of brain cells, which can be dangerous but does not cause permanent mental illnesses. The human brain is required to live, breathe, and carry out any action throughout life. Consuming massive amounts of marijuana will destroy brain cells, which are vital to trigger thoughts, movements, interactions, and memory. The tissue within our brains eventually corrode due to marijuana usage. Like all tissues and organs in the human body, brain tissue serve many different functions, and when the functions are limited, the tissue deteriorate (Borden). Daily use of marijuana could make the smoker experience psychological distress following marijuana intake, which may include feelings of panic, anxiety, paranoia, and loss of memory. On the other hand, using marijuana canShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Legalization of Cannabis in Ohio Marijuana is a controversial topic all across the United States. Recently marijuana has been voted on, legalized, and denied legalization in multiple states. There are still more states trying to fight the green fight for marijuana. The fight for legalization hasn’t been an easy one for cannabis supporters; they have been fighting tooth and nail to make it happen. One of the main concerns in the marijuana debates are whether or not marijuana is a gateway drugRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana1633 Words   |  7 PagesBalyuk March 8, 2016 Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana has a few different names that are commonly used in today’s society including weed and cannabis. Weed is smoked with joints, bongs, or pipes. Marijuana can also be mixed with foods usually brownies, cookies, and candy which are called edibles. The main chemical responsible for the high feeling is called THC but marijuana also contains over 500 chemicals. The chemical is found in resin produced by the leaves and buds. â€Å"Marijuana is the most commonlyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization Essay2566 Words   |  11 Pagescurrent prohibition on marijuana reforms has put the United States in a similar situation. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, â€Å"95 million Americans age 12 and older have tried pot at least once, and three out of every four illicit-drug users reported using marijuana within the previous 30 days† (ONDCP). The decriminalization and eve ntually legalization for the recreational use of marijuana will bring forth benefitsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1282 Words   |  6 Pages On November 8th, 2016, the California Marijuana Legalization Initiative may be included on the ballot. The people of California will vote on whether to legalize the recreational use of cannabis for adults. The move targets at regulating the consumption of the drug and taxing it like other legalized drugs. California was the first state to legalize medical marijuana in 1996 (National Institute of Drug Abuse). The state prohibited any legal actions from being taken on patients and recognized caregiversRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana or Cannabis is one of the bused drugs in America and the rest of the world. Interesting accumulating evidence show that the significant negative impact of this drug outweighs the positive effects. However, the medical benefits of the drug seem on the process of chemical compounds as compared to the drug itself. Medical debates show that chemical compound in marijuana are the problem as compared to the plant. The said chemical compound affects the mental and physical health of the personsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1660 Words   |  7 PagesKyler Smith 9/15 â€Å"Marijuana Legalization† The legality of cannabis varies from country to country. Possession of cannabis is illegal in most countries and has been since the beginning of widespread cannabis prohibition in the late 1930s. However, possession of the drug in small quantities had been decriminalized in many countries and sub-national entities in several parts of the world. Furthermore, possession is legal or effectively legal in the Netherlands, Uruguay, and in the US states of ColoradoRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization996 Words   |  4 Pages the monetary gain of its legalization for most has been productive to say the least. For example, Denver Colorado is on track to more than triple the marijuana tax revenue this year alone. $44 million was collected in 2014. In July 2015, 73.5 million was collected, while 19.6 million went to schools. A place such as Chicago could really use the legalization to help with the school system infrastructure issues they have. With a deficit of over 1.1 bi llion marijuana sales could alleviate bothRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana1550 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Marijuana: Benefits and Statistics The topic of legalizing marijuana has been a topic of controversy for quite some time now not only throughout our local streets, but throughout the local and into the state government. The legalization of marijuana is such a controversial topic because some are for it and some are against it. People are for the legalization because of the great uses it has towards medicine, the money that could come from the taxation of legalized marijuana, andRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana972 Words   |  4 PagesOn January 1st the states of Colorado and Washington officially began the regulation of legal marijuana sales. Thousands of people from all over the country including tourists from Wisconsin, Ohio, Chicago, and even Georgia lined up out front of dispensaries to make a purchase. Recreational marijuana is being regulated and monitored like alcohol; you must be at least 21 years old to make a purchase. The drug, which is controversial in many states’ legislations, is currently l egal for medical useRead MoreMarijuana Legalization1212 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana Legalization COMP 1500 April 20th, 2009 Word Count: 807 Outline I. Introduction Thesis Statement: Although America is the land of the free you do not really have  too many  free choices you can make. Americans  should have  the right to  choose whether or not  marijuana should be legal. II. Background III. The tax benefits that can be created A. If legalized they can tax it how ever much they want B. Can be regulated IV. Drug enforcement money can be diverted

Psychology Experiment Free Essays

Title: An investigation into the impact of group pressure on an individual’s estimate of the amount of beads in a pot (ginger granules in a jar). IV = Group/Individual DV = Individual beads estimate Abstract This experiment investigated the impact of group pressure on the individual. The hypothesis is that group pressure does indeed impact on the individual and in this case the individual’s estimate of the number of ginger granules in a jar. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology Experiment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Participants were asked to make a judgement of the number of ginger granules in a jar, first individually and then as a group. The individual participants were then interviewed again to see if their estimates had changed. The results proved the hypothesis that group pressure does make an impact upon the decision of the individual. Each individual changed their original estimate to be closer to the number of the group estimate. Introduction The subject of conformity was first formally studied by 1Jenness in 1932. Jenness’ experiement consisted of three phases. Firstly, he asked individual participants to guess the number of beans in a glass jar. He then assembled the individuals into a group and asked them to make a group estimate, through group discussion, of the number of beans in the glass jar. Finally Jenness interviewed each of the participants individually, during which he allowed each individual to change their estimate if they wished to do so. The purpose of this was to see if anyone changed their original estimate to align with the group estimate, thus showing 2‘influence of the majority’. He found that the majority of individuals changed their original estimate, giving a figure that lay closer to that of the decision of the group. This suggests that individuals generally strive to conform to the group. This experiment was followed by a famous conformity experiment by Solomon Asch (1951), which again tested the effect of group pressure on an individual’s decision. The current experiment will investigate the effect of group pressure on an individual’s estimate of the number of ginger granules in a glass jar. It will be performed using a method similar to the one used by Jenness in his experiment. This will in effect test the reproducibility and validity of the Jenness experiment. There are no contentious or controversial issues surrounding this experiment and its method, and it is certainly within the law i. e. there are no deceptions or misleading intentions toward the participant; it is fair. Hypothesis The influence of group pressure will affect individuals’ estimates of the number of ginger granules in a glass jar. The estimate of the individual will change after a group decision to lie closer to the figure of the group. Method The IV was the group or individual, and the DV was the number of ginger granules in the glass jar. Two separate rooms were used; one for interview of the individual – one at a time. When not being interviewed the individual was instructed to go the second room where the rest of the group resided – for the period of the experiment. Both rooms contained only the subjects of the experiment, and of course the experimenter, and no one else was permitted into the aforementioned areas. Television, radio and other forms of communicative devices were forbidden from these areas. The participants were three members of a family. The first was male and 67 years of age. The second was female and 52 years old. The third member of the family was male, and 25 years old. Materials: * Jar of ginger granules * Watch * Sheets of paper + pen Procedure * Initial tests were carried out to ensure that the participants fully understood what they had to do. Participants were asked to describe what they saw i. e. the jar of ginger – colour and dimensions, in order to ensure colour blindness, other impairments, or general misunderstandings of the task would not cause any anomalies to the experiment. Each participant was asked â€Å"please can you guess the number of ginger granules in the jar† – with no variation to this language. Strict rules were also stated, and these included that there be no touching of the jar/granules in question, no counting and a two three minute time limit was enforced. This happened in one room, and once an estimate had been received, the individual returned to the other room and the next individual collected. The question was repeated to the remaining two individuals. The estimates were recorded. The group was then asked the same question: â€Å"please can you guess the number of ginger granules in the jar†, and the rules were restated. The figure for the group decision was recorded. * The participants were then interviewed individually once more, with the same question asked and a restatement of the rules. The estimates were recorded. Results Individual| Number of beads estimate (before)| Number of beads estimate (after)| Group estimate| A| 200| 350| 300| B| 500| 400| | C| 100| 300| | Graph showing the distribution of estimates in comparison to the group estimate Discussion As we can see from the results and graph, the estimates of the individual are closer to the group estimate of the number of ginger granules in the jar after the group discussion has taken place. Each participant changed their original estimate after a group discussion had taken place, to make their estimate closer to the group estimate. Therefore we can conclude that group pressure has a great impact on an individual’s decision, and that the individual will seek to conform to the ideas of the group. It is interesting to see that participant C changed their original estimate by the largest igure – a difference of 200, and more importantly, participant C altered their original number to the number of the group estimate. We can say that participant C was most impacted on by group pressure; wanting to conform the most. Although participants A and B did not change their original estimate to the exact number of the group estimate, they did make their alterations closer to the group estimate. Therefore it can be said that participants A and B were impacted by group pressure, seen by a change in their estimates, however not completely – as was the case with participant C. Analysis of the group dynamic revealed that the more charismatic and extrovert the participant the greater the input into the final group decision, the greater the inclination of other group members to align with the view of the apparent leader. Reference list 1. Mcleod S. What is conformity? SimplyPsychology 2007. http://www. simplypsychology. org/conformity. html 2. Mcleod S. What is conformity? SimplyPsychology 2007. http://www. simplypsychology. org/conformity. html How to cite Psychology Experiment, Essay examples

The Crucible and Goody Proctor free essay sample

1. Who is the leader? How would you describe Mary Warren in relation to the other girls? Abigail is the dominant figure in charge of the girls, making her the leader. In relation to the other girls, Marry Warren is very aware of the consequences and would like to avoid getting in trouble with the elders, therefore she tries to pull herself away from the girls. 2. What have the girl done to violate Puritan codes and could explain their behaviour? How does Tituba figure in this event? The girls had danced naked in the forest, which goes against the codes, this leads to the accusation of them attempting witchcraft in the forest with the help of Tituba. Tituba has background knowledge on witchcraft and how to conjure spirits, she knows this her home place, Barbados. 3. What are some of the reasons behind Parris’s insecurities? Parris’s insecurities are partially due to his daughter being unwell but privately he is concerned for his own reputation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible and Goody Proctor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If his household’s name is tainted by the rumours of witchcraft, he’s reputation as a reverend will be of no value and cursed. He is insecure about not belonging. 4. What has goody Proctor turned Abigail out of the proctor household? How does this ‘rejection’ figure in the build-up of the witch hysteria? Goody Proctor has turned Abigail away from their household because Proctor had become attracted to her youth and committed lechery with Abby. Goody Proctor took care of the problem by making her leave, and therefore Abigail holds a grudge against Elizabeth, and would like revenge. Once Proctor admits that he has made a mistake and that he cannot be with her, Abby is hurt and rejected, therefore initiates the trend of accusing innocents of witchcraft, which gradually builds up the hysteria. 5. Miller’s Summary Assessments – Thomas Putman: Eldest son of the richest person in town. ‘regards himself as the intellectual superior of most of the people around him’ Had a ‘vindictive nature’ revengeful nature, holds grudges He made many accusations against other people. 6. Concepts of the devil: â€Å"The devil as a necessary part of a respectable view of cosmology.† Certain ideas and emotions and actions are of God, and their opposites are of Lucifer Good and evil are always joined at the same phenomenon â€Å"The necessity of the Devil may become evident as a weapon† ‘the churches enemies relied no less upon the Old Boy to keep the human mind enthralled’ Hale – â€Å"man, remember, until an hour before the Devil fell, God thought him beautiful in Heaven.† ‘Sex, sin and the devil were early linked, til Salem, til now’ 7. What must the ‘Accused’ of witchcraft do to avoid hanging? Specifically, why does Tituba â€Å"open up†? After being unreasonably interrogated, Tituba plays along because they mention that anyone who confesses to the sin will not be hanged, and therefore Tituba confesses/ â€Å"opens up† to witchcraft in order to continue living and return to Barbados. Act 2 1. What is the primary centre of tension in the encounter between John Proctor (JP) and Marry Warren (MW)? The tensions of who yields the most power/authority between the two characters are played out very vividly in the encounter between JP and MW. MW is now an official of the court and therefore also has rights and regulations now, and because of this power achieved by the girl JP usually orders around, he tries to grasp onto whatever ground he can to still have influence and control over her. The shift of power is evident when MW’s dialogue gradually extends throughout the act as she replays what is going on in court, her knowledge of the current events give her power. Initially the argument between JP and MW had started due to MW ignoring JP’s orders of her to stay at home, this starts the shift of power, and JP is intimidated and frustrated at his inability to take action . 2. What other ‘symptoms’ can be added to the Act 1 list of ‘evidence’ that the devil has invaded salem? Suspicious behaviours, sending ou t spirits, and flying are all â€Å"evidence† that the devil has invaded the minds of the inhabitants of Salem, but also not remembering the 10 commandments are another source of ‘evidence’. It is common Puritan Knowledge to know these by heart, if you do not, then you are very likely doing something wrong. Working on Sundays and not attending church consistently is also another negative notion that can be linked to witchcraft. If you do any of these things, you faith is not legitimate and there is a chance you made a pact with the devil. 3. What is you Impression of Elizabeth Proctor by the end of Act 2? Of reverend Hale? Elizabeth is a true wife and is willing to forgive JP as long as he breaks the ‘promise’ that he unknowingly made with Abigail. She has strong beliefs and is a strong character. She knows her morals and can judge other accordingly. Hale is starting to empathise with the Proctor household. He has an open mind and can judge the situation with proper caution, making his hypothesises more accurate than of Danforth or Harthorn. 4. How does Reverend Hale initiate the hysteria that closes Act 2? He asks about the Poppet that Abby claims Liz has. He makes clear that Abigail has a fit and they later found that she had a pin inside her. Cheever spots the poppet in the house and is shocked to find a needle inside the poppet. Elizabeth states that the poppet is MW’s and yet they still take Elizabeth. Proctor is outraged and swears to bring the court down, closing the act in  pain for Proctor as he had lost his wife to the court. 5. Describe the methods miller uses to achieve the climatic build-ups at the end of the act. Millers uses stage direction to show what each character’s reactions are. Question/accusation and answer format creates tension. Continuous talking creates the build-ups. Angered responses make the atmosphere tense with anticipation of replies. E.g. â€Å"Proctor stands there, gulping air.† Metaphors and imagery in the stage directions clarify the scene.

Operations Management at Parisons Group Essay Example

Operations Management at Parisons Group Essay Example Operations Management at Parisons Group Paper Operations Management at Parisons Group Paper During the term project for Operations Management (OM-I), we had a great opportunity to learn and apply the various concepts and principles that we have learnt in the course. For a successful and enriching learning experience, we’d like to acknowledge, with utmost sincerity, the efforts of all those who have made the successful completion of our project possible. We are thankful to Prof. Sanjay Jarkharia (Instructor for OM-I course), for his constant guidance and support throughout the period of project. Also, our honest regards for all the staff at Agrotech Pvt Ltd. who made this project experience all the more enriching and enjoying, our fellow classmates who were always at help regarding anything concerned with the project and the wonderful people of Kerala who were always helping and considerate during our field trips. LIST OF DIAGRAMS Title of Diagram| Organizational Structure of Agrotech Private Limited (Refining unit)| Block Diagram of Plant| Process Flow Diagram|TABLE OF CONTENTS S. NO| Contents| Page No| 1. | Introduction| | | 1. 1 Oil Manufacturing in India| | | 1. 2 Domestic production and consumption| | 1. 3 Classification of consumers geographically| | | | | 2. | The Agrotech Private Limited| | | 2. 1 Mission| | | 2. 2 Vision| | | 2. 3 Human Resource Management| | | 2. 4 Organizational Structure| | | 2. 5 Suppliers of raw material| | | 2. 6 Customers and market in India| | | | | 3. | Manufacturing of Vanaspati Ghee| | | 3. 1 Block Diagram| | | 3. 2 Process Flow Diagram| | | 3. 3 Description of Process| | | 3. 4 Add-on processes | | | | | 4. | Analysis and Discussion| | | | | 5. | Job Design| | 1. Introduction 1.Oil manufacturing in India India is one of the world’s largest edible oil economies with 15,000 oil mills, 689 solvent extraction units, 251 Vanaspati plants and over 1,000 refineries employing more than one million people. The total market size is at Rs. 600,000 mn. And import export trade is worth Rs. 130, 000 mn. India havin g less production as compared to its high domestic demand in edible oils has to import 57% of its consumption requirements. India is also a leading producer of oilseeds, contributing 8-10% of world oilseed production nd around 6% of the world’s production of edible oils. India is the fifth largest producer of oilseeds in the world, behind US, China, Brazil, and Argentina. Groundnut, Soybean and Mustard/rapeseed, these three oilseeds, together account for 80 % of aggregate cultivated oilseeds output.Mustard seed alone contributes Rs. 120, 000 mn turnover out of Rs. 600, 000 mn of oilseed sector domestic turnover. Cottonseed, Copra and other oil-bearing material also contribute to the domestic vegetable oil pool. Currently, India accounts for 7. 0% of world oilseeds output; 7. % of world oil meal production; 6. 0% of world oil meal export; 6. 0% of world veg. oil production; 14% of world veg. oil import; and 10 % of the world edible oil consumption. With steady growth in popula tion and personal income, Indian per capita consumption of edible oil has been growing steadily. However, oilseeds output and in turn, vegetable oil production have been lagging behind consumption growth, making it necessary to import to meet supply shortfall.Major Oilseeds| 2-Jan| 3-Feb| 4-Mar| 5-Apr| 6-May| 06-07*| Groundnut| 7| 4. | 8. 1| 6. 8| 8| 4. 4| Rape/Mustard| 5. 1| 3. 9| 6. 3| 7. 6| 8. 1| 7. 6| Soybean| 6| 4. 7| 7. 8| 6. 9| 8. 3| 8. 7| Other Six| 2. 6| 2. 1| 3| 3. 1| 3. 6| 2. 9| Sub-Total| 20. 7| 14. 8| 25. 2| 24. 4| 28| 23. 6| Oilseeds production (Quantity in mn tonnes) Edible oil or fat products can be classified into four categories, vegetable refined oil, hydrogenated oil (vanaspati), bakery fats/margarine, and de-oiled cakes. The industry mainly includes Ghanis, small scale expellers, solvent extractors, oil refiners and vanaspati manufacturers. 0% of oil produced is sold in the open market and remaining 30% is refined and sold as branded oil. After the extraction of oil, residual seeds are processed further by solvent extractors, to make solvent-extracted oil, most of which is used to make ‘vanaspati. The Indian edible oil industry is highly fragmented with a large number of small scale producers which includes ghanis that are mainly found in rural areas. Small scale expellers, much like the ghanis, use metal screws to press or expel oil from seeds.However, they are larger than the ghanis, oil expelling capacity being in the range of 5-10 tonnes per day, compared to around 50-60 kilos a day for ghanis. Solvent extractors belong to the organized segment and are also 2nd largest after SSI segment, in the domestic edible oil industry. They use modern technology to process low oil ;amp; high meal seeds like Soya bean, cottonseed into edible oil and de-oiled cake. Oil refining is also a part of the organized sector and has shown rapid growth in recent years. Refiners generally refine both expeller oils and solvent extracted oils.Vanaspati is made by hydrogenation of refined oil to vegetable shortening or spread and is similar to the milk product ghee and absorbs around 10% of the total edible oil supply in India. As a result of increased consumer preference for non-traditional oils such as soya bean and sunflower oil, the organized sector has emerged as one of the fastest growing sectors. Branded products make small portion of the total edible oils market yet they have been one of the main drivers of rapid growth. 1. 2 Domestic production and consumption of Edible oil in India Imports:Due to the strong demand from domestic consumers, Indian production has been unable to keep pace with consumption, and as a result, Indias edible oil import has reached record level in 2012. From November 2011 to September 2012, within these 11 months the import of edible oils has reached 8. 96 million metric tonnes, which is the highest ever. Imports are expected to go even further since there is likely to be a negligible growth in domest ic oil supply. For the marketing year ending in October, 2012, imports were expected be around 9 million metric tonnes.RBD Palmolein, Sunflower Oil and Soybean Oil were the major drivers of growth in imports. In 2011-12, India imported up to 57 per cent of edible oil demand, up from 49 per cent in 2008-09, higher than the average of 55 per cent during the last decade according to the data compile by Solvent Extractor Association of India. Regarding Parisons Agrotech Pvt. Ltd. , the company majorly imports crude palm oil from Malaysia, Indonesia. The data (2004) for the same is as follows: Import of Palm oil by the firm An example of import receipt Exports:Export of edible oils was permitted only in branded consumer packs of up to 5 Kgs, within a ceiling of 10,000 tonnes, for the period November 1, 2011 to October 31, 2012. However in August, 2012, government has put ban on export of edible oils even in branded consumer pack of up to five kilos due to the concern that productivity of some oilseeds may come down because of 20 per cent deficit rains so far. Export division of the Parisons group was set up with headquarters in Calicut; it is responsible for trade of edible oils after packaging.Cochin office was also established to speed operations of the group. The exports division caters to needs and demand of all overseas buyers. Due to its continuously growing production, Parisons group is one of the most competitive exporters in India. 1. 3 Classification of consumers on the basis of geography In India, chief consumers of edible oil are household and industrial buyers including food processors, restaurants and hotels. It is sold mostly as loose oil or vanaspati (partially hydrogenated vegetable oil). Only a small percentage of edible oils are sold in branded form at the retail level.In India, consumer oil preferences change with the region; it mainly depends upon local cultivations. Region| Oil Preference| North| Mustard/ rapeseed| East| Mustard/ rapeseed| Wes t| Groundnut| South| Groundnut, coconut| Consumer market of different types of edible oil in India In India, a wide variety of the oil-seed crops are grown in different agro-climatic zones. Groundnut, mustard/rapeseed, sesame, sunflower, linseed, Niger seed/castor are the major traditionally cultivated oilseeds. Soya bean oil consumption has also increased in recent years. Coconut oil is the most important in this category.Rice bran oil and cottonseed oil have become important among non-conventional oils. Demand for the edible oils Edible oil consumption in the country is continuously rising, was roughly 11. 2 kg/head/year which is lower world average consumption level of 17. 8 in 2008. Consumer classes (annual income in Rs)| 1996| 2001| 2007| The rich (Rs 215,000 or more)| 1. 2| 2. 0| 6. 2| The consuming class (Rs 45,000 Rs 215,000)| 32. 5| 54. 6| 90. 9| The climbers (Rs 22,000 Rs 45,000)| 54. 1 | 71. 6| 74. 1| The aspirants (Rs 16,000 Rs 22,000)| 44. 0 | 28. 1| 15. 3| The desti tute (less than Rs 16,000)| 33. | 23. 4| 12. 8| Total| 164. 8 | 179. 7| 199. 3| Structure of the Indian edible oil market India’s overall consumption is most likely to increase with growing population and economic development but it highly relies on the imports. The Agrotech Limited: It is one of the 16 units of Parisons group of companies, located in Calicut. The Parisons group is into manufacturing of wheat flour and edible oil. Corporate office of company is located in West Hills, Chungam, Kozhikode. The manufacturing unit of Vanaspati ghee is nearly 2 kms away from corporate office.Parisons Group, a legacy of trust was envisioned by late Mr  A. V. Kunhipari  in the 1950s. From its humble beginnings in a small hamlet to a leading corporate entity in south India, the group recorded a phenomenal growth over the years. Location of Agrotech Pvt. Limited 2. The Agrotech Private Limited 2. 1 Mission: The company having a strong foothold in the oil industry segment strives to maintain it and has its defined mission objectives * Parisons group complies to total quality management system in raw material sourcing as well as in product manufacturing. Parisons  group has attained a cutting edge in raw material sourcing   * Parisons group supply chain system is firmly matured through years of experience. * Parisons group also lays importance to green field marketing. * Parisons today manufactures and markets total 12 product lines and commands  market leadership in wheat products and edible oil segment. * Being one of the pioneers in agribusiness, Parisons group is competent to handle the market needs both in India  and  Middle East  countries professionally and successfully. 2. 2 Vision:The group has in store its vision which it constantly strives for * To be market leader in Agro-Business both in India and Middle East countries, through holistic marketing * To develop market opportunities by scaling through innovation * To employ innovative and world class production technology in all its ventures * Exploit its capabilities and resources efficiently to venture out into diverse new areas * To encourage R;amp;D in food processing for product and process development * To enchant policy support, promotional initiative and physical infrastructure to promote value added exports * To chart out new job opportunities especially in rural areas 2. 3 Human resource management Mr. Habeebu is the Human Resource manager at Agrotech Private Limited. HR manager has been appointed nearly a year ago, since people did not feel the need for HR manager before that time.The organization exhibits a clan control, workers are made responsible for their work. Mutual trust exists among employees of the firm, as well as between managers and the workers. The system looks more of a self managed system. Appraisals are given on the basis of seniority rather than performance. On one hand the system keeps clan control managed, but the flip side is that it l eads to lower performance. Organization is moving towards scientific management, hence they want to hold someone responsible for managing issues related to human resources. 2. 4 Organization Structure The organization structure of the organizations is drawn in the figure given below RU General ManagerProduction Manager HR manager Workman1 Workman2 Workman3 Oil chemist Lab Assistant Prod. Supervisor3 Production supervisor2 Production supervisor1 Record Keeper2 Record keeper1 Production Manager Every oil refinery unit is managed by one production manager in that unit. The production manager acts as liaison between production, marketing, purchases and HR manager. He is responsible for scheduling all production related activities including materials procurement for the unit, transportation of finished product out of the unit, managing shifts of various specialists, estimating performances, measuring workmen requirements, product quality tests and packing etc.Every production unit manage r acts as a HR Manager for its unit and is in touch with HR manager for all workers related activities. Parisons Group holds a fleet of trucks for materials movement but it requires hiring transportation services from outside then such requirements are estimated and managed by the production manager. The activities being managed in production unit are Neutralization, Bleaching, Hydrogenation, Hydrogen Gas Generation, Post Treatment, Deodorization, and Blending ;amp; Packing. This department ensures all the machinery works, technology for product quality and necessary maintenance of working tools is done appropriately. SpecialistThe specialist in the department makes sure the process is continuous for 24*7. The specialists who are typically 3-4 in a particular production unit work in rotating shifts. Under the guidance of specialists there are 3-4 workmen working. Workmen They are responsible for material flow into machines, steaming and power generation within the plant machinery, a nd storing the finished product. The main challenge for any production unit manager is to maintain steady flow of materials into the unit while minimizing incoming and outgoing inventory both. 2. 5 Suppliers The suppliers of sunflower seed oil are from Ukraine and the suppliers of palm oil are from Indonesia, Malaysia etc.The imported materials are received either at Cochin Port or at Mangalore Port and then the materials are transported to required production units across Kerala. In order to take advantage of economies purchases mostly are bulk. 2. 6 Customers ;amp; Market in India: Edible Oils: Parisons group entered the retail market through Parisons liberty gold  palmolein brand. It is a premium brand in the market. Palmolein is the common people’s cooking medium, and is mainly used for cooking purposes at homes, bakeries and hotels. Parisons also manufacture palm oil in the brand name,  Kerala palm oil  which is also used for cooking purposes. Vanaspathi and specia lty fats: Parisons is the only manufacturer of vanaspathi in Kerala.It has set up a state of the art hydrogen plant with Belgian technology for the first time in India. Vanaspathi is mainly used in homes, hotels and other catering industries for cooking purpose. Parisons Agrotech manufactures two brands of vanaspathi. Parisons liberty is already one of the leading brands in north Kerala. It has now opened a new depot at Ernakulum to enter the southern markets more effectively, where it has limited presence. The group has got sales points at Kakkanchery, Kuttippuram ;amp; Angamali , recently Trivandrum will also become a sales point. Parisons chakra, dream ;amp; premier no. 1 bakery shortenings are used for preparation of ordinary bakery items like breads, cakes, cookies, biscuits etc.Golden puff is especially used in making quality puffs. Margarine, for pastries ;amp; cakes will soon be introduced in the market. Parisons group is the first and only manufacturer of specialty fats or bakery shortening in Kerala. They are used in the catering, confectionery ;amp; bakery industry. Within a short period of introduction with quality and Parisons groups goodwill support, it has captured a major share of north Kerala market. Now it hopes to capture a good part of south Kerala market as well and become a market leader in this segment. There are 4 brands of specialty fats manufactured by Parisons. 3. Manufacturing of Vanaspati Ghee 3. 1 Block Diagram Removal of fatty acids BleacherRemoval of impurities Neutralizer Storage Tank Boiler Furnance Distillation Hydrogenation Condensation Tank Removing odor Autoclave For cooling Deoderizer Ghee well (Storage of finished product) Figure 3. 1:Block Diagram showing various states of Vanaspati Ghee Furnace Firewood 3. 2 Process Flow Diagram Neutralization By-products Fatty Acids Phosphoric acid + caustic soda Raw palm oil Bleaching earth Bleaching Heating at high temperature From Boiler Distillation Nickel Catalyst Hydrogenation P ost treatment Deodorization Add Vitamin A,D Packaging Blending Process Diagram of Vanaspati Manufacturing 3. 3 Description of process: 3. 3. 1 Neutralization:The edible oils permitted for manufacturing Vanaspati contain certain percentage of free fatty acids (FFA), gums and other impurities with FFA, varying between 0. 5% to 5%. To remove the FFA and other impurities, the oil is first treated with Phosphoric Acid to remove Phosphatides and then with caustic soda solution to neutralise the free fatty acids into a soap stock. The soap stock so formed is removed by allowing it to settle in a batch process. To remove all the soapy matters hot water wash is further given to the oil under constant agitation in the vessel. The washed Water being heavier settles down and is removed from the bottom in batch process and by centrifuge in continuous process. An image showing various tanks in a refining unit 3. 3. 2 BleachingOil so obtained after neutralising and washing is taken in a bleaching vessel where the oil is first dried by heating under vacuum at temperature of 100 degree centigrade and then bleached by adding earth and activated carbon to remove its colour. At the end of bleaching process the oil is filtered in filter press to remove the spent bleaching earth and carbon. The cleaned oil so received after bleaching is taken into autoclave for hydrogenation. An image showing Bleaching tank 3. 3. 3 Distillation Oil is heated with the help of steam at a high temperature (200-250 C). Vapors so formed are condensed in a condensation tank (shown in figure). 3. 3. 4 Hydrogenation The oil is first heated with the help of steam in coils and then spent nickel catalyst is fed into the process.Since, most of the oils used for Vanaspati manufacture are unsaturated, they consume hydrogen gas which is passed through the oil at that temperature in the presence of nickel catalyst and thus the melting point of the oil rises. Fresh quantity of nickel catalyst is added into the proc ess, the quantity depends upon the type of oil. When desired melting point of oil is obtained, the supply of hydrogen gas to the process is stopped. Then the hydrogenated nickel catalyst mixed oil is first cooled from 200oC and then it is filtered through a filter press. Some time for easy filtration filter aid is also added. An Image showing Autoclave 3. 3. 5 Post Treatment There are two processes carried out in post-treatment : Nickel Removal As nickel is an important caustic agent which is used during Hydrogenation process, it becomes necessary to remove this agent.Even a miniscule portion left will be hazardous so there is the need to clean it out. The process mainly removes nickel catalyst. For this the solution is left with either much diluted caustic soda solution or with hot water as found suitable at that time. The extremely hot water will help out in nickel vaporize and this is collected in another suitable container. The neutralizing, washing and bleaching process will be repeated in the same manner as were carried out for soft oil. FFA Removal After hydrogenation, there appears a slight increase in the FFA (free fatty acid) content of the oil, which is removed again by the neutralization and bleaching process.However, the caustic employed is less and more diluted and the bleaching earth usage is lower. After this, the oil is filtered again for removing the bleaching earth. 3. 3. 6 Deodorisation Another oil refining step in the manufacturing process is Deodorization carried by the process unit Deodorizer. It is the high temperature process in which any kind of undesirable trace contents which give undesirable flavours and odours are removed from oil. The process essentially involves the removal of these volatile components by steam at about 240-260 °C under a vacuum of 2-5 mbars. Thus the removal and recovery of residual free fatty acids and other volatile impurities via vacuum steam distillation is the main part.The heat treatment also produces a bleaching effect. The process is defined in steps as follows Deodorization process conducted in a closed vertical steel tube provided the heated oil from the previous step into the Deodorization vessel. Oil is then heated at a temperature of 210 °C at atmospheric pressure and then at low pressure (below 1 kPa). The steam is flown into the system for 1-2 hours to transport a compound that can evaporate. The pressure must be consistent and high. Any drop during the deodorization process will reduce the amount of steam that will be used. The adverse impact of is that it prevents hydrolysis of oil by water vapor.In general situations, The Deodorization tank (D-240) works at a temperature of 210  ° C and pressure of 0. 03 atm to meet the desirable standards of ghee manufacturing process. Following diagram shows a closer look at the Deodorization process. Depending upon the sophistication of the technology being used, some of the steps may be removed or some steps may be redundant. B ut an ideal deodorization looks as below diagram. 3. 3. 7 Blending ;amp; Packing Blending Keeping in view the nutritional quality required to bring in the vanaspati ghee according to ISO standards, in the fully processed oil that is obtained after deodorization, the specified quantity of vitamin A ;amp; D are added into a churn having cooling and agitating arrangement. PackingAfter the blending with required nutrients is complete, the oil so produced is complete with all qualities of a typical Vanaspati ghee and according to Parisons product availability requirements, the Vanaspati so processed is filled into containers to make package of 15 liters, 5 liters, 1 liters,1/2 liters. Two forms are possible either into tins, big plastic jars or in poly packs. The containers are then taken to a cold room in which the temperature is maintained for having good environment settings for the product. After putting the product in cold rooms for about 24 hours, it is removed to the storage godow n where the Parisons brand labels are pasted with batch number, date of manufacturing, best before etc. as per standard rules. After this the product is ready for dispatch. Vanaspati is produced either with a granulated texture resembling ghee or as a smooth grain less product. 3. 4 Add-on processes: 3. 4. 1 By-productsFatty acids removed during the process of neutralization are sold to the local soap manufacturers. 3. 4. 2 Use of near to expiry date product Parisons Manufacturing process takes back the products which have crossed the expiry date or are near to expiry. This keeps the buyers of products ensured that any left out stock at their end won’t cause losses. Once these products are brought back into factory they are again fed to the manufacturing process as an intermediate material. The vanaspati ghee in these packets or tins is collected into a big well. This well becomes a source of material to hydrogenation process. And thus finally after all the process it becomes part of the finished product. 4. Analysis and DiscussionBased on the data collected from employees of the organization, Throughput rates of equipment at different manufacturing stages are calculated as follows Throughput Rate=Average Production /hour Manufacturing Stage| Throughput Rate| Neutralizer| 1. 5 tons/hour| Bleacher| 1. 5 tons/hour| Condensation tank| 2. 5 tons/hour| Autoclave| 1. 25 tons/hour| Deodorizer| 2. 0833 tons/hour| Packaging| 1 ton/hour| Table No 4. 1: Throughput rates of various manufacturing stages of Vanaspati production The Flow Time (MLT) for the processes are also calculated and the data is put below. Manufacturing Stage| Flow Time/ton in minutes| Neutralizer| 40| Bleacher| 40| Condensation tank| 24| Autoclave| 48| Deodorizer| 28. 81| Packaging| 60| |   | Total Flow Time in hours| 4. 013 hours|Table No 4. 2: Flow Time calculation of various manufacturing blocks and the complete process Thus the Cycle time is observed to be 48 Minutes which is the time tak en by Autoclave to finish the process. Thus Autoclave is the bottleneck in the manufacturing process. Also, we observed that after Deodorizer, vanaspati is collected in a temporary storage tank of capacity 3 tons. The Packaging unit collects vanaspati for packing from this tank. Also currently the Packaging unit completely relies on manual labor for Packing and storing the end product (Vanaspati). The process is relatively simple and we estimated a 70% learning curve for the process.The data supporting our learning curve analysis is given below. | Time for Packing for a New Employee (In minutes)| Iteration No| Collecting Vanaspati(i. e. using collecting tools)| Cutting and Collecting Packaging accessories| Packing + Folding + Cleaning| Total| Learning rate| 1| 10| 10| 20| 40| | 2| 9| 10| 19| 38| 95| 3| 6| 8| 14| 28| | 4| 4| 7| 12| 23| 60. 52631579| 5| 4| 6| 12| 22| | 6| 4| 5| 10| 19| | 7| 3| 5| 9| 17| | 8| 2| 3| 7| 12| | 9| 2| 3| 7| 12| 52. 17391304| 10| 2| 3| 7| 12| | | | | | appro ximately 70% learning curve| 69. 23340961| Table No4. 3: Learning curve estimation of Packaging unit We calculated the total efficiency i. e. the material Utilization rate to be 98% with 2% of input material being wasted at various stages of manufacturing processes. The typical wastages are given below. Manufacturing Stage| Wastage Percentage as a percentage of total input| Storage tank| 0. 3| Neutralizer| 0. 1| Bleacher| 1. 02| Condensation tank| 0. 01| Autoclave| 0. 2| Deodorizer| 0. 2| Packaging| 0. 16| Total wastage| 1. 99| Table No 4. 4: Learning curve estimation of Packaging unit 5. Job Design Employee Job Performance ;amp; Motivation There are no strict ways of monitoring performance, there is no firing of employees, workers are given salary hike yearly, and promotions are based on seniority in the organization.Hence there is no external force to push them to work. It is their willingness. Moreover, workers share responsibility of work among themselves. There is no explicit t ime for lunch, dinner, or breaks. They take on breaks according to their capacity and willingness. Thus it is more of a self-controlled system. Why we are considering workers as important is because it is a manufacturing unit and the ultimate outcome depends on workers’ efficiency to large extent. Giving them responsibility is working very well in the organization. As the HR manager, Mr. Habeebu Rahman says-â€Å"You treat workers like animals and they will behave as animals, you treat them as humans, and they will behave as humans†.As reported by him, there have been no incidences of workers cheating the organization. They are given responsibility right from collecting the raw materials consignment to delivering the finished goods to the shops. They count/weigh the items, record it in proper registers, and deliver them at their correct destinies. There have been no incidences of theft of material, or money; although the Parisons group is in manufacturing for past 20 y ears. Workers consider completion of tasks as their responsibility. They compete among themselves for who does the task in a better way. New workers are taught by the older ones about the techniques to be adopted.Thus if we look at Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs framework, it turns out that Parisons group is satisfying workers’ social needs. Modifying Jobs to Provide Broader Range of Needs Satisfaction Cross Training Workers are trained to perform multiple jobs- a direct result of which is that there is low dependency on individual workers. Even if a worker falls ill or couldn’t come to work, others can substitute him. Job Enlargement To make the job more interesting, there is a horizontal job expansion i. e. employees are given a variety of tasks to perform. Job Enrichment There is no job enrichment in Parisons group. Workers are not given any kind of managerial powers and authority. Team Production Workers are generally organized into teams.For instance there are teams for packaging, maintenance etc. Sociotechnical Systems Task Variety Employees are given a variety of tasks to perform which makes their work somewhat interesting and allows the employee to rest from a high level of attention or effort while working on another task. Skill Variety Employees are also trained on multiple skills which enhances their satisfaction. Feedback Each worker is supervised by a supervisor who quickly points out any error which the employee has committed. This greatly accelerates learning process for new employees. Task identity Employees have responsibility for a set of tasks that is clearly defined, visible and meaningful.In this way, work is seen as important by the employees undertaking it and others understand and respect its significance. Task autonomy There is little or no autonomy i. e. employees can’t exercise much control over their work. Not much decision making power is available to them. Plant Layout Design Product (Line) Layout * Specia l purpose expensive equipment are used * Changeover is expensive and lengthy * Material flow approaches continuous * Material handling equipment is fixed * Operators need not be skilled 6. Operations Strategy Strategy for Competitive Advantage Cost Leadership The Parisons group follows mostly a low-cost leadership strategy.They produce majority of the products in bulk so that the costs are reduced. The selling price of their products is much lower than the competitors. They offer a variety of products at low cost to the consumers. Order Qualifiers ;amp; Winners Qualifiers Parrisons group leveraged the reputation of its ‘Liberty’ brand to gain entry into edible oil market. When they decided to launch their edible oil, ‘Liberty wheat flour’ was already a market leader in Kerala, well known for its high quality. Hence they used the same brand name ‘Liberty’ for this oil. Winners Low selling price is the order winning characteristic which won order s for them in the marketplace.But it doesn’t mean that they compromised on quality. They achieved low cost by using efficient production techniques and by producing items in bulk. Variety of Products Process Design Product focused Continuous Volume Moderate Moderate High High Low Low Parrison group produces high volumes of same product i. e. edible oil. Hence, they use Product focussed continuous process design. Positioning Strategy in Manufacturing Type of Product| Type of production process| Finished Goods Inventory Policy| Standard| Product focussed| Produce-to-stock| Product life Cycle Growth rate Current Phase 1992 Time Parisons group established their first manufacturing unit in 1992.Now the group has a total processing capacity of 380MT for edible oil refining per day and they are growing continuously. In fact, an Edible Oil refinery with a capacity of 1 lakh metric tonnes/annum is to be commissioned by end of 2012 at Cochin. Capacity Strategy Parrisons group believes in adding capacity before it is needed. They maintain excess capacity to satisfy surges in demand. For instance, they built a number storage tanks in mangalore for their own usage but now they are using the excess capacity for leasing purposes. 7. Recommendations 1) After neutralization process, the soap stock so formed is removed by allowing it to settle down (batch process). This takes lot of time, while the plant remains operational and hence results in wastage.To fasten the process, centrifugal process can be adapted which will remove the impurities in one go, and with greater efficiency. 2) Autoclave is the bottleneck, so a parallel autoclave can be put in the process. This will increase the capacity of plant from 30 tons to 36 tons. If demand is not there, the plant can be shut down for some time, and hence can result in saving of energy. 3) Manual labourer is there to put firewood into furnace, one by one. This requires 5 workers per day, as the task is quite laborious. Inste ad of this, movement can be done with the help of conveyor belts. This will reduce the man power cost. Also, an automatic indicator can be installed, which can help to shut down the supply of wood whenever there are ample.

The History, Climate, Biodiversity of the Galapagos Islands

The History, Climate, Biodiversity of the Galapagos Islands The Galapagos Islands are an archipelago located about 621 miles (1,000 km) from the continent of South America in the Pacific Ocean. The archipelago is composed of 19 volcanic islands that are claimed by Ecuador. The Galapagos Islands are famous for their variety of endemic (native only to the islands) wildlife that was studied by Charles Darwin during his voyage on the HMS Beagle. His visit to the islands inspired his theory of natural selection and drove his writing of On the Origin of Species which was published in 1859. Because of the variety of endemic species, the Galapagos Islands are protected by national parks and a biological marine reserve. Also, they are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. History The Galapagos Islands were first discovered by Europeans when the Spanish arrived there in 1535. Throughout the rest of the 1500s and into the early 19th century, many different European groups landed on the islands, but there were no permanent settlements until 1807. In 1832, the islands were annexed by Ecuador and named the Archipelago of Ecuador. Shortly after that in September 1835 Robert FitzRoy and his ship the HMS Beagle arrived on the islands, and naturalist Charles Darwin began to study the areas biology and geology. During his time on the Galapagos, Darwin learned that the islands were home to new species that only seemed to live on the islands. For example, he studied mockingbirds, now known as Darwins finches, which appeared to be different from each other on different islands. He noticed the same pattern with the tortoises of the Galapagos and these findings later led to his theory of natural selection. In 1904 an expedition from the Academy of Sciences of California began on the islands and Rollo Beck, the expeditions leader, started collecting various materials on things like geology and zoology. In 1932 another expedition was conducted by the Academy of Sciences to collect different species. In 1959, the Galapagos Islands became a national park, and tourism grew throughout the 1960s. Throughout the 1990s and into the 2000s, there was a period of conflict between the islands native population and the park service. However, today the islands are still protected, and tourism still occurs. Geography and Climate The Galapagos Islands are located in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean, and the closest landmass to them is Ecuador. They are also on the equator with a latitude of about 1Ëš40N to 1Ëš36S. There is a total distance of 137 miles (220 km) between the northernmost and southernmost islands, and the total land area of the archipelago is 3,040 square miles (7,880 sq km). In total, the archipelago is made up of 19 main islands and 120 small islands according to UNESCO. The largest islands include Isabela, Santa Cruz, Fernandina, Santiago, and San Cristobal. The archipelago is volcanic, and as such, the islands were formed millions of years ago as a hot spot in the Earths crust. Because of this type of formation, the larger islands are the summit of ancient, underwater volcanoes and the tallest of them are over 3,000 m from the seafloor. According to UNESCO, the western part of the Galapagos Islands is the most seismically active, while the rest of the region has eroded volcanoes. The older islands also have collapsed craters that were once the summit of these volcanoes. Also, much the Galapagos Islands are dotted with crater lakes and lava tubes, and the overall topography of the islands varies. The climate of the Galapagos Islands also varies based on the island and although it is located in a tropical region on the equator, a cold ocean current, the Humboldt Current, brings cold water near the islands which causes a cooler, wetter climate. In general, from June to November is the coldest and windiest time of the year and it is not uncommon for the islands to be covered in fog. By contrast from December to May, the islands experience little wind and sunny skies, but there are also strong rain storms during this time. Biodiversity and Conservation The most famous aspect of the Galapagos Islands is its unique biodiversity. There are many different endemic birds, reptiles and invertebrate species and the majority of these species are endangered. Some of these species include the Galapagos giant tortoise which has 11 different subspecies throughout the islands, a variety of iguanas (both land-based and marine), 57 types of bird, 26 of which are endemic to the islands. Also, some of these endemic birds are flightless such as the Galapagos flightless cormorant.There are only six native species of mammal on the Galapagos Islands, and these include the Galapagos fur seal, the Galapagos sea lion as well as rats and bats. The waters surrounding the islands are also highly biodiverse with different species of shark and rays. Also, the endangered green sea turtle, hawksbill sea turtle commonly nest on the beaches of the islands.Because of the endangered and endemic species on the Galapagos Islands, the islands themselves and the waters s urrounding them are the subjects of many different conservation efforts. The islands are home to many national parks, and in 1978 they became a World Heritage Site. Sources: UNESCO. (n.d.). Galapagos Islands - UNESCO World Heritage Center. Retrieved from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1Wikipedia.org. (24 January 2011). Galapagos Islands - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands

The outline of the term paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The outline of the term paper - Assignment Example However, in the modern world, men and women alike follow fashion trends and scour the Internet for fashion trends and best dressed lists. C. Fashion blogs have in the past few years become a source of inspiration and information for upcoming trends and fashion styles. This has greatly reduced the control of fashion houses and magazines (Seymour 41), which coupled with a consumer generational shift that has seen a shift in the labour market has greatly increased the influence of fashion Bloggers. i. Bloggers, as the main representatives of the blog, portend immense influence on what can be shown on their blogs. These Bloggers are able to carefully select what they share with their followers, which influences her image as a trendsetter (Seymour 46). iii. The high number of visual images that they can present on their sites compared to magazines and posters responds to the expectations of the consumers, especially those who rely on the internet for information (Seymour 48). i. Bloggers combine desire and recognition in order to appeal to their followers. Underlying this pursuit for desire is longing, self-seduction, hopefulness, fear of being desire-less, and tensions between morality and seduction (Kristina & Payal 14). ii. Desire in combination with self-seduction and inner struggle, as well as the fear for being desire-less, will increase the dependence of the consumer on Bloggers because they bring them into contact with new desires. In this case, they play the role of mediator. iii. In turn, so as to ensure that the products they introduce to consumers are within reach and, therefore maintain desire, bloggers combine diverse fashion products from different ranges of price (Kristina & Payal 14). i. Unlike film and pictures that cannot give a perfect reality representation, bloggers are able to decide what the audience looks at (McCallum 52). They can post what they want and exclude what they do not wish seen. This is

Teen_pregnancy-why_do_teens_want_to_have_babies Research Paper

Teen_pregnancy-why_do_teens_want_to_have_babies - Research Paper Example gnancies are usually because of socio-economic factors, lack of sex related services and decreased contraception but nowadays this view is challenged by many as all these aspects have been overcome by the growing society (Kost et al 2010). It is shown by many researches that teens have an increasing desire to have babies because of their boyfriend’s aspiration, their desire to have unconditional love, lack of education including sex education and low income level. Bleakley observes that teen pregnancy in the United States is on the decline, falling from 20% in majority of the states since 1991. The highest decline was noted beginning from 1996 when the welfare reform law was enacted, leading to the commencement of the abstinence education program (Bleakley 2006). This was a strategic approach that emphasizes the avoidance of sex among teenagers until marriage. It is a program that promotes good morals through counseling and mentorship. The program delays the onset age for sex connected with allowing teens to make informed decisions regarding sex when they have to attain maturity. They are taught on coping strategies that help them to deal with the pressure of having sex at an early age. Teens are made to understand that sex is an affair of married people. They are also educated on the physical and emotional stress associated with teenage sex. In essence, abstinence- only policies are significant in the derailment of the onset age. It is noticed that many teens want to get pregnant for the reason of unconditional love and care. A study conducted by the University of Alabama showed that females belonging to low income groups were more wanting to have a child at an early age. Susan Davies on this instance proposed that the income of females was a factor which was affecting their child bearing activities. In another study in the journal of Health, Education and Behaviour it was seen that the desire of having a child by females was greatly affected by their

Television and Media - Black Entertainment Television :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Road of Black Entertainment Television The media is all around us, influencing most of our thoughts and buying habits. Most of the media bases its shows towards many diverse demographics as to bring in the most viewers to watch commercials between the show content. But some of the channels are demographic specific advertising directly to a single group in hopes of banking the entire future of a network on that single group. One channel has been extremely successful in this risky business venture, BET. BET stands for "Black Entertainment Television". If not all, then at least 75% of all commercials are made up of an all black cast. Many of these commercials follow the same exact script as others with an all white or mixed cast. Companies are doing a very smart thing in doing this duel advertising for all other networks and channels and BET. Historically and culturally, the majority of blacks support black businesses. The slight perception that a company is black friendly will earn that company several millions of dollars more in profits. Denny's long had the national perception to blacks across the nation as being racist when it came to being seated, the time to get an order placed after being seated, and the time to get the order after it was placed. Several civil rights leaders urged all blacks to boycott Denny's. After Denny's claimed that it was never and had never practiced racist tactics, Denny's produced a new commercial, one that featured an all black cast and it was run on BET. There haven't been any more complaints since. BET had probably played a large part of dissuading the racist views that were perceived during the time before the commercial had aired. BET also markets some shows directly to the black audience, especially their main target, the black male middle-middle class to the low-middle class. "Comic View" is a nightly stand-up comedy show that features black comics. Sometimes there is another minority on stage (Asian, Hispanic, etc.) but the majority of the time there are black comics on stage.

Inquiring Minds Want to Know Essay

Abstract This paper defines Penton Media’s sampling plan and research design for their study on if their reader service cards are still successful in getting buyer’s attentions. There are five questions that develop the sampling plan and Penton Media’s answers to these questions are described in this paper along with the strengths and weaknesses of their decisions. Their research design is also explained in the eight categories given. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of their research design are given. Case Assignment 2 Penton Media has designed a research study to determine if the reader service cards are still a sustainable form of bringing in customers. Penton Media came up with a sampling plan in order answer this research plan. Their sampling plan answered five questions and has both strengths and weaknesses. They also formulated a research design, which includes eight categories of options to answer their research question. Their research design also includes strengths and weaknesses, and these will be further examined in this paper. Sampling Plan According to Cooper and Schindler (2014), the sampling plan includes five questions. These questions include (p. 344): What is the target population? What are the parameters of interest? What is the sampling frame? What is the appropriate sampling method? What size sample is needed? Once you have answered all these questions, you can determine the appropriate sampling design for your study. Penton Media has created their sampling plan from these questions. The target population for Penton Media’s study is the people who read their  business magazines. Their subscribers consist of 1.7 mission people in the US, so they originally tested out the survey via phone with a small selection of subscribers. They then sent out a second preliminary survey to 300 subscribers. From the first and second surveys, they construed a final survey and mailed it out to 4,000 of their business subscribers. From the total number of surveys sent out, they received 710 completed surveys. The parameters of interest in this study include the readers who are actually buyers for their company. Penton Media only chose to use the surveys from subscribers actually doing purchasing activities, so this would be considered a non-probability based sampling study. According to the case study presented by Cooper and Schindler (2014), â€Å"The survey sample was constructed using stratified disproportionate random sampling with subscribers considered as belonging to one of 42 cells (seven industry groups by six job titles)†. Strengths The strengths with Penton Media’s sampling plan include the parameters of interest and sampling frame. Their parameters of interest focus on the group of readers whose job is to buy for their company. Since this group of people directly match who they should be targeting, Penton Media is on the right track. Their sampling frame is also precise because it narrowed their list of people to send out the surveys to people working in the business fields as decision makers. Weaknesses The weakness of this study is the sample size. Penton Media chose to only send out 4,000 surveys when they actually have 1.7 million readers. This size seems small since only a little over 17% of the surveyor’s returned the survey. Sample size should be a representation of the whole, and .04% of the population isn’t a great representation. Research Design Several options are available to researchers when deciding with their research design will be. They include exploratory or formal studies, type of data gathering, extent of control, purpose, time frame, scope, environment, and perception. A researcher should ponder these options before designing their study. Penton Media was deliberate in their choices and based their answers to research design options on their research question. A formal study was designed to provide the answer to directly answer their research question. For data gathering, a communication study was used in the form of a survey. Ex post facto extent of control was used since Penton Media can’t change the results and have to report the results they receive. The purpose was chosen as a reporting study as they are compiling data and providing a summary of the survey results. This study’s time frame is cross-sectional with a survey being sent out once for the formal results. The topical scope is statistical because it wants to compare characteristics and draw conclusions. Field conditions were used in this study because there is no change in the surveyor’s environment. Finally, the participant’s perceptions are not changed and they are aware of the research being conducted. Strengths The strength of this study is in the ex post facto design where Penton Media has to report from the survey results. There is no way that Penton Media can change or modify the results so this makes the research more reliable and dependable. Another strength is that the participant’s environment and perceptions aren’t changed or affected. This makes for more honest and trustworthy results. Weaknesses A communication study is great for the research question that Penton Media is trying to answer. However, they could also get more data from their advertisers. Since many companies keep a record of how a customer finds out about their company, it would be worthwhile to also get statistics from them. This would complete the study and bring more results to complete the research question. Conclusion Penton Media has made some good decisions regarding their sampling plan and research design. They have answered the five questions to determine how they should set up their sample and made good decisions on target population, parameters of interest, sampling frame and method. However, they should have chosen a large sample size to represent the population.  Penton Media also made good choices in their research design. Their choice of a formal, communication, reporting, statistical study with ex post factor design, cross-sectional time frame, field conditions and unchanged perceptions are key to their success. Sampling plan and research design are key and Penton Media certainly made good decisions for their study. References Cooper, Donald R. and Schindler, Pamela S. Business Research Methods. New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 2014. Print.

The Main Contributions Of Immanuel Kant - 1385 Words

It is important to begin with the significant contributions of Immanuel Kant in the literary sense; it is widely agreed upon that he authored â€Å"one of the most important works of moral philosophy ever written†. As found in Justice with Michael Sandel, â€Å"Kant argues that morality is based neither on the principle of utility, nor on a law of nature, but on human reason. According to Kant, reason tells us what we ought to do, and when we obey our own reason, only then are we truly free†.1 To imply utilitarian, an opposing theory, would be to derive that the outcome of moral actions are based solely on the merits of a positive result, i.e. for the means of happiness. The methodology in arriving at this positive juncture would be seen as irrelevant.2 On the contrary, Kant reveled in the ethics of deontology whereby pronouncing the relationship of â€Å"deon†, the Greek equivalent for â€Å"duty† and that of â€Å"logos† the derivative being of â€Å"science or logic†.3 It was in his prolific book, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, that he provided an introspective perception of human morality that empowered the philosophical world. Kant introduced many theories and concepts; three of which will be explored in greater detail. To better explain these concepts would be to establish the framework in which they function. The three concepts considered in this article are that of good will, moral worth and that of the imperative. What is meant by the concept of â€Å"good will†? 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